Understanding SCAD

(Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection)

What is SCAD?

SCAD happens when a tear or split forms in the wall of a coronary artery (the arteries that supply blood to the heart). This creates a blockage that can reduce or stop blood flow, causing a heart attack, abnormal heart rhythms, or even sudden death.Unlike the typical heart attack, SCAD is not caused by plaque buildup (atherosclerosis).

What are Novel Risk Factors?

Mostly affects women (90%), often between ages 30–60.

Can occur during or after pregnancy (peripartum SCAD).

Many women with SCAD are otherwise healthy & active.

Linked to fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) in about 50–70% of cases.

May also be associated with extreme stress, intense exercise, or hormonal changes.

Common Symptoms

Chest pain or pressure

Pain in neck, jaw, arms, or back

Shortness of breath

Nausea, lightheadedness, sweating

These are the same as a typical heart attack — call 911 immediately if you have them!

How is SCAD Diagnosed?

– Often detected during a coronary angiogram done when someone presents with heart attack symptoms.

– Additional imaging, like intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT), may help confirm the diagnosis.

How is SCAD Treated?

SCAD is different from traditional heart attacks — so treatment is also different:

Many patients are managed without stents or surgery, because the artery can heal on its own over weeks to months.

Medications (like beta-blockers, aspirin, or others) may be prescribed.

Close follow-up with a cardiologist experienced in SCAD is important.

Recovery & Outlook

SCAD can heal — but it can recur in up to 10–30% of patients.

Cardiac rehabilitation, stress management, and ongoing monitoring are key.

Patients should avoid extreme physical & emotional stress during recovery.

Family screening for FMD may be recommended.

Takeaway

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection is a rare but serious cause of heart attack, especially in young and otherwise healthy women. SCAD requires specialized care, close follow up, and ongoing attention to heart health. If you have had Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection, schedule a consultation with Insight Heart Health to receive expert, condition focused care.